Title: Type here the article title in English). The abstract is presented at the beginning of the text and a
maximum of 200 words in Indonesian and English. If the article is in English, then the abstract should
be written in English only. The abstract contains a brief description of the problem and purpose of the
study, the method used, and the results of the study. Abstract writing pressure mainly on the results of
research. Typing abstracts is done with a single space. The abstract summarizes briefly and clearly: (a)
the purpose and scope of the study, (b) the method used, (c) summary of results, (d) conclusions. The
background of the problem does not need to be written in the abstract. Abstracts followed by at least
three keywords (keywords) Keywords should be included to describe the domain of the problem under
study and the underlying terms underlying the conduct of the research. Keywords can be single words
or word combinations (phrases). Searching for research titles and abstracts is made easier with these
keywords.
