Dosen FISIP UNNES Petakan Perubahan Tutupan Lahan Hutan Lindung Gunung Slamet untuk Mendukung Konservasi

Universitas Negeri Semarang > Faculty of Social Sciences and Political Science > Berita > Dosen FISIP UNNES Petakan Perubahan Tutupan Lahan Hutan Lindung Gunung Slamet untuk Mendukung Konservasi

Dosen Geografi Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Negeri Semarang (FISIP UNNES), Dr. Ir. Ananto Aji, M.S., bersama Sujiwo Husodo dan Fahrudin Hanafi melakukan penelitian mengenai perubahan penutupan lahan dan upaya konservasi di kawasan Hutan Lindung Gunung Slamet, Kabupaten Pemalang.

Hasil penelitian yang dipublikasikan pada 16 Desember 2025 tersebut mengkaji perubahan kondisi kawasan selama dua dekade, yakni pada tahun 2004, 2014, dan 2024. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan citra satelit multitemporal yang diolah dengan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) untuk mengetahui perubahan tutupan lahan, area yang mengalami tekanan, serta kondisi konservasi kawasan.

Kawasan yang dianalisis memiliki luas sekitar 9.161,57 hektare. Pemantauan terhadap wilayah tersebut penting karena kawasan Hutan Lindung Gunung Slamet berperan sebagai penyangga tata air, pelindung lereng, sekaligus habitat vegetasi hutan pegunungan. Perubahan tutupan lahan di kawasan tersebut berpotensi memengaruhi keseimbangan ekologis wilayah di sekitarnya.

Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya tekanan terhadap tutupan hutan selama periode penelitian. Pada 2004–2014, luas hutan lahan kering sekunder berkurang 267,16 hektare, sedangkan hutan lahan kering primer berkurang sekitar 85,94 hektare. Pada periode yang sama, semak belukar bertambah sekitar 292,22 hektare dan lahan terbuka meningkat 60,89 hektare.

Perubahan yang lebih besar terlihat pada periode 2014–2024. Luas pertanian lahan kering meningkat dari sekitar 0,27 hektare menjadi 4.505,81 hektare, atau bertambah sekitar 4.505,54 hektare. Perubahan tersebut menunjukkan semakin kuatnya tekanan pemanfaatan lahan terhadap kawasan yang sebelumnya memiliki tutupan vegetasi lebih rapat.

Penelitian juga mencatat bahwa ekspansi lahan pertanian, peningkatan aktivitas masyarakat, serta perubahan pemanfaatan ruang menjadi faktor penting yang perlu diperhatikan dalam pengelolaan kawasan. Degradasi hutan dapat berdampak pada peningkatan erosi, penurunan kualitas tanah, fragmentasi habitat, serta peningkatan risiko bencana hidrometeorologis seperti longsor dan banjir.

Untuk mengidentifikasi perubahan tersebut secara lebih akurat, tim menggunakan analisis spasial melalui teknik overlaypeta tutupan lahan tahun 2004, 2014, dan 2024. Validasi hasil pemetaan dilakukan melalui 45 titik sampel pengecekan lapangan, sehingga perubahan kondisi kawasan dapat dianalisis secara spasial maupun berdasarkan kondisi aktual di lapangan.

Kajian tersebut juga menyoroti berbagai upaya konservasi yang dilakukan oleh pengelola kawasan, termasuk Perhutani BKPH Moga. Secara kelembagaan, BKPH Moga mengelola kawasan seluas 7.302,27 hektare yang terbagi dalam RPH Diwung, Karangsari, Moga, dan Tigasari.

Melalui pemetaan perubahan tutupan lahan, penelitian ini menyediakan informasi spasial yang dapat digunakan untuk menentukan wilayah yang mengalami tekanan paling besar sekaligus mendukung perencanaan rehabilitasi, reforestasi, dan pengelolaan kawasan hutan secara lebih terarah.

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