Researchers at Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) have developed a pyrolysis method that converts agricultural and organic waste into bio-oil, providing a renewable alternative to conventional fossil fuels. The process, led by Professor Dewi Selvia Fardhanti, was recently broadcast on UNNES TV, highlighting its potential to utilize abundant Indonesian biomass such as sawdust and rice straw.
“Pyrolysis is a thermal decomposition process carried out without oxygen,” explained Professor Dewi. “Through rapid heating at temperatures between 450°C and 600°C, we can achieve bio-oil yields ranging from 44% to over 56% by weight, depending on the biomass type and particle size.”
Pilot experiments have shown that optimized conditions can increase bio-oil yields to nearly 69% for certain feedstocks. In addition to bio-oil, the process also produces syngas and biochar, which can be used in power generation and soil improvement. Analytical techniques including GC-MS and FT-IR have identified key chemical compounds in bio-oil, such as phenolics, acids, ketones, alcohols, and esters. However, challenges remain related to the fuel’s high viscosity, acidity, and chemical instability.
Despite these technical challenges, the environmental benefits of substituting fossil fuels with biomass-derived bio-oil are significant. This approach offers a way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and create economic value from agricultural waste that is often burned or dumped.
“Our goal is to expand its application from the laboratory to industrial applications,” said Professor Dewi. “We envision bio-oil as part of a broader renewable energy strategy that supports environmental sustainability and rural economic development.”
With Indonesia’s energy demand expected to increase, such innovations could help the country achieve its renewable energy goals. UNNES researchers are seeking partnerships with industry and local governments to advance this technology toward commercial use, underscoring the role of local solutions in addressing climate and energy challenges.
