Inovasi Teknologi Pembuat Air Bersih Jadi Solusi di Tengah Krisis Air

Universitas Negeri Semarang > Faculty of Social Sciences and Political Science > Berita > Inovasi Teknologi Pembuat Air Bersih Jadi Solusi di Tengah Krisis Air

Inovasi teknologi pembuatan air dari udara atau Atmospheric Water Maker (AWM) dinilai mampu menjadi solusi strategis untuk memenuhi target Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6) yakni akses universal terhadap air bersih dan sanitasi layak.

Masih sekitar 2 miliar masyarakat dunia yang belum memiliki akses air minum yang aman, sementara tercatat 447 juta siswa belum mendapatkan akses air bersih yang layak. Di Jawa, ketersediaan air bersih menghadapi kondisi mengkhawatirkan.

Potensi besar air di atmosfer diperkirakan mencapai 13.000 km³ menjadi panggung bagi penerapan teknologi AWM. AWM merupakan teknologi inogasi dari Prof. Samsudin Anis.

Teknologi AWM menggunakan prinsip kondensasi udara lembap: udara dihisap, didinginkan di bawah titik embunnya hingga uap air berubah jadi cairan; kemudian air dikoleksi dan disucikan melalui filtrasi ke dalam kondisi siap minum. “Keunggulan teknologi ini: bekerja paling optimal di kondisi panas dan lembap, sebab kadar uap air serta titik embun yang mendekati suhu udara memudahkan proses kondensasi,” terang Anis.

Komponen kunci meliputi sistem pendingin (cycle vapor-compression refrigeration), coil dingin, kipas hisap udara, tangki koleksi, dan unit filtrasi. Kualitas akhir air sangat bergantung pada performa tiap komponen dan keberadaan sistem filtrasi udara + air.

Teknologi AWM telah melalui peta jalan pengembangan: Proto-1 (2019) riset dasar; Proto-2 (2021) pengujian performa; Proto-3 (2022) uji produksi air & kualitas; dan sejak 2023 mulai pemasyarakatan dan aplikasi lapangan.


Penerapan AWM dinilai berkontribusi pada beberapa aspek SDG 6: menyediakan sumber baru di wilayah kering atau tercemar, menawarkan alternatif berkelanjutan terhadap sumber air konvensional yang makin menipis, serta memastikan ketersediaan air minum yang andal termasuk di situasi darurat maupun gangguan pasokan air.


Di tengah eskalasi krisis air misalnya di Jawa yang diperkirakan pada 2040 hanya akan tersedia sekitar 476 m³ air per orang per tahun (dibandingkan 1.169 m³ saat ini) teknologi seperti AWM menjadi sangat relevan.


Selain itu, berbagai teknologi konservasi air lain (desalinasi surya, nanopartikel penghilang logam berat, IoT untuk irigasi dan manajemen air, modifikasi cuaca) juga menjadi bagian dari upaya mendukung ketahanan air dan lingkungan.

Sementara itu, Prof. Dewi Liesnoor Setyowati menekankan pentingnya teknologi konservasi air bersih untuk menjaga ketahanan sumber daya air di tengah perubahan iklim. Ia memaparkan berbagai inovasi seperti pemanenan air hujan (rain harvesting), irigasi cerdas berbasis sensor dan IoT, desalinasi surya, serta pengelolaan air terpadu berbasis data spasial (GIS). “Konservasi air tidak bisa hanya mengandalkan teknologi tinggi, tetapi juga harus melibatkan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan air secara berkelanjutan,” kata Dewi.


Menurutnya, pendekatan sains based dan community based menjadi kunci dalam menghadapi dampak pemanasan global, perubahan pola hujan, dan risiko kekeringan ekstrem akibat El Niño maupun La Niña.“Teknologi seperti AWM dan sistem konservasi air pintar bukan hanya alat ilmiah, tetapi bagian dari strategi ketahanan nasional menghadapi krisis air,” ujar Dewi menegaskan.

Kedua Profesor itu memaparkan hasil penelitiannya Dalam Simposium Air yang diselenggarakan di FISIP, Rabu pekan lalu, di Aula, C7 FISIP UNNES, Gunungpati, Semarang, Jawa Tengah. Simposium tersebut juga mempertemukan 82 penelitian yang fokus pada isu keberlanjutan air, menandai komitmen dunia akademik untuk menghadirkan solusi nyata bagi masa depan air bersih Indonesia.

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