Teori Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Jadi Perhatian

Penelitian yang menggali dan memanfaatkan teori maupun metodologi berbasis lokal atau indigenous theory semakin mendapat perhatian dari para ilmuwan dunia. Teori dan metodologi lokal dinilai lebih dapat memberikan gambaran untuk melihat permasalahan yang diteliti.

Dosen University Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI) Malaysia, Prof Dr Abdul Halim Ali menuturkan, selama ini hasil penelitian terkotakkan pada bingkai teori dan metode yang dibangun oleh negara-negara Barat. Hal itu, menurutnya, belum sepenuhnya dapat menunjukkan gambaran objek yang diteliti. Objek penelitian yang berada di sebuah konteks kebudayaan, dilihat dalam bingkai kebudayaan yang benar-benar berbeda dan terpisah dari budayanya.

Alhasil, hasil penelitian pun tidak menggambarkan secara riil bagaimana kondisi masyarakat dalam konteks budayanya sendiri. Untuk itu, penelitian perlu didekati dengan pengetahuan lokal dan dengan cara pandang masyarakat itu sendiri. “Saya melihat di Malaysia dan Indonesia sudah mulai banyak dilakukan,” ujarnya ketika memberikan paparan dalam International Conference on Local Wisdom (Incolwis) hari kedua, Kamis (25/11/2021). Hadir pula pembicara lain, Dr Taeyoung Cho dari Korean Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.

Pada Incolwis hari pertama, hadir pembicara Prof Dr George Quinn dari Australian National University dan Prof Dr Mikihiro Moriyama dari Nanzan University Jepang. Incolwis yang merupakan agenda rutin Ikatan Dosen Budaya Daerah Indonesia (Ikadbudi) dan Asosiasi Pendidikan Bahasa, Sastra, dan Budaya Daerah (Adisabda) ini dibuka oleh Rektor Unnes Prof Dr Fathur Rokhman dan Ketua Ikadbudi Prof Dr Sutrisna Wibawa.

Menurut Abdul Halim Ali, dominasi teori dari negara Barat tak lepas dari bingkai kolonialisme. Dalam prinsip tersebut, kolonialisme secara halus disebarkan bukan lagi melalui paksaan dan penguasaan wilayah, tapi melalui ideologi dan pendidikan, termasuk klaim universalitas teori dalam penelitian yang kemudian digunakan oleh negara-negara terjajah. Namun, ketika diaplikasikan ke dalam kebudayaan tertentu, teori itu tidak jarang menjadi penghambat dalam melihat realitas objek penelitian.

Dalam konferensi ini, ratusan pemakalah mempresentasikan hasil penelitian mereka secara paralel. Hasil penelitian meliputi sejumlah topik, antara lain, linguistik, pendidikan, sastra, dan budaya. Hasil penelitian diarahkan untuk terbit pada sejumlah jurnal yang telah menjalin kerja sama dengan Incolwis 2021.

Sebelumnya, peserta mendapatkan penjelasan ihwal penulisan jurnal dalam sesi klinik manuskrip dengan pembicara Dr Prembayun Miji Lestari (Jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra Jawa Unnes), Prof Dr Suwardi Endraswara (Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta), Prof Yayat Sudaryat (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia), dan Mocha Fikri (Balai Bahasa Jawa Tengah).

Menurut Prembayun Miji Lestari, penulisan jurnal ilmiah menuntut ketelitian dan kedalaman hasil. Selain itu, jurnal mesti menunjukkan kebaruan dan celah dari penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya. “Dengan demikian, hasil penelitian yang terbit di jurnal akan memberikan kontribusi pada dunia keilmuan,” ujar Prembayun yang juga Ketua Jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra Jawa Unnes dan Ketua Panitia Incolwis 2021 itu.

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