Rahayu Pristiwati, Doktor Baru Ahli Metafora

Metafora tidak hanya digunakan dalam karya sastra. Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari metafora sering digunakan untuk menunjang komunikasi. Dalam wacana kampanye, contohnya, metafora diberdayakan agar komunikasi politik lebih kuat dan persuasif.

Melalui disertasi berjudul Metafora dalam Wacana Kampanye Pemilihan Umum Presiden dan Wakil Presiden Tahun 2014, dosen Jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia Universitas Negeri Semarang Rahayu Pristiwati mengungkapkan ada berbagai jenis metafora dalam wacana kampanye.

Pada kampanye pemilihan presiden dan wakil presiden 2014, metafora digunakan oleh kedua pasang calon, yaitu Joko Widodo-Jusuf Kalla dan Prabowo Subianto-Hatta Rajasa. Pristiwati menemukan 322 metafora dalam kampanye pemilihan presiden dan wakil presiden di berbagai surat kabar.

Berdasarkan penelitian itu Pristiwati menemukan ada sembilan kategori semantis metafora. Adapun berdasarkan perbandingannya, ia menemukan ada 10 kategori metafora.

Selain itu, Pristiwati menambahkan, dalam wacana kampanye  terdapat tujuh fungsi metafora, yaitu menyatakan sifat khas, fungsi penggantian, menghaluskan ungkapan, fungsi penyampaian kritik, fungsi keindahan pengungkapan, fungsi penyangatan makna, dan fungsi mengkonkretkan pengalaman manusia.

Tidak sekadar jadi alat ekspresi, dalam wacana kampanye metafora juga menjadi sarana penyampai nilai. Dalam penelitian itu Pristiwati menyebutkan, ada delapan nilai yang dapat ditemukan di balik penggunaan metafora, yaitu kegotongroyongan, kereligiusan, kesantunan, kewaspadaan, kesalingmenghormatian, ketolongmenolongan, kesederhanaan, dan kemusyawarahan.

Ia menyampaikan hal itu saat ujian terbuka doktor di Program Pascasarjana (PPs) UNNES, Kamis (28/12) di depan promotor yaitu Prof Dr Fathur Rokhman, Kopromotor Prof Dr Rustono, anggota Dr Hari Bakti Mardikantoro, dan dua penguji yaitu Prof I Dewa Putu Wijana, Prof Dr Subyantoro, dan Prof Dr Ida Zulaeha.

Promotor Prof Dr Fathur Rokhman menyampaikan selamat kepada Rahayu Pristiwati. Ia berharap kajian mengenai metafora dapat terus diteruskan sehingga memberikan perspektif baru dalam kajian bahasa dan komunikasi.

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