Penelitian tentang Asia Tenggara Perlu Terus Didorong

Kebudayaan yang tumbuh dan berkembang di Asia Tenggara terus menjadi perhatian para peneliti dari berbagai negara. Asia Tenggara memiliki keragaman bahasa, seni, pengetahuan dan teknologi lokal, makanan, hingga pengobatan tradisional yang tidak pernah habis untuk diteliti.

Rektor Universitas Negeri Semarang Prof Dr Fathur Rokhman dalam pembukaan International Conference on Local Wisdom (Incolwis) dengan tema “Culture Overview in Southeast Asia”, Rabu (24/11/2021) mengatakan, Asia Tenggara adalah laboratorium kebudayaan yang menyita perhatian dunia. Kawasan ini menjadi penting bagi para peneliti dan hasilnya masih terus dimanfaatkan untuk melihat lanskap kebudayaan pada masa lampau.

Pada abad ke-7, misalnya, ilmuwan Cina, I-Tsing, telah memulai ekspedisi ke Asia Tenggara, khususnya Nusantara. Sedangkan pada abad ke-12, peneliti Venesia Marco Polo mengunjungi Sumatera dan merekam budaya masyarakat di sana. Pada abad ke-14, ilmuwan Maroko, Ibnu Battuta, juga melakukan ekspedisi serupa untuk mempelajari budaya Asia Tenggara. Selain itu, antropolog asal Amerika, Clifford Geertz, melakukan penelitian di Jawa dan Bali.

“Tradisi meneliti ini berlanjut hingga hari ini dan salah satu penerusnya adalah Profesor George Quin, salah satu pembicara dalam konferensi ini,” ujar Prof Fathur dalam acara yang diikuti 400-an peserta secara daring tersebut. Acara yang diselenggarakan oleh Jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra Jawa Unnes ini menghadirkan pembicara Prof Dr George Quinn dari Australian National University, Dr Taeyoung Cho dari Korean Institute of Southeast Asian Studies di Korea Selatan, Prof Dr Abdul Halim Ali dari University Pendidikan Sultan Idris Malaysia, dan Prof Dr Mikihiro Moriyama dari Nanzan University Jepang.

Menurut Prof Fathur, hasil penelitian para peneliti tersebut terus digunakan sebagai referensi utama dalam penelitian-penelitian lain terkait Asia Tenggara, baik dalam konteks geografi, antropologi, maupun etnografi. Hasil penelitian sarjana Barat terkait kajian Jawa, misalnya, mampu menjadi perspektif kuat melakukan penelitian lain. “Kenapa Asia Tenggara begitu memikat? Karena wilayah ini memiliki nilai-nilai khas dibandingkan dengan negara lain, terutama Eropa dan Amerika. Salah satunya adalah nilai harmoni atau keselarasan,” ujarnya.

Dalam paparan, Prof George Quinn antara lain menyoroti soal memudarnya bahasa daerah di Indonesia. Ia mengatakan hal itu disebabkan kurang adanya penghargaan terhadap bahasa etnis sendiri. Menurutnya, hal ini dapat terjadi di mana saja dan cenderung terjadi pada generasi muda. “Salah satu penyebabnya adalah pandangan mereka bahwa bahasa daerah kurang bergengsi,” ujar penulis buku Wali Berandal Tanah Jawa itu.

Menurut Prof Mikihiro Moriyama, masyarakat yang menguasai multibahasa memiliki kecenderungan untuk lebih menghargai pluralisme. Untuk itu, pendidikan bahasa penting untuk diperkuat dalam semua jenjang pendidikan. “Masyarakat multibahasa akan bisa memahami budaya dan pemikiran suku bangsa lain,” ujarnya.(*)

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