Membaca Nasionalisme dan Sejarah dari Pramoedya

Sejarah bisa diketahui dari karya sastra. Namun pembaca harus bisa membedakan karya sastra yang berlatar sejarah dengan sejarah itu sendiri.

“Selama ini, sejarah dibuat oleh orang yang berkuasa. Karya-karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer mencoba untuk mendekonstruksi sejarah. Maka dari itu, seringkali karya Pram dianggap menentang pemerintahan pada zamannya,” ujar Soesilo Toer, penulis buku “Pram dari Dalam”, saat diskusi dan bedah buku yang sama, di Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni Universitas Negeri Semarang (FBS Unnes), Selasa (16/4).

Nasionalisme, Soesilo mengatakan, justru banyak terkandung dalam karya Pram–sapaan akrab Pramoedya. “Ketika banyak orang bertanya tentang nasionalisme, justru Pram telah banyak berjuang melalui karya-karyanya,” kata pengelola perpustakaan Pramoedya Ananta Toer Anak Semua Bangsa (Pataba) di Blora itu.

Melalui banyak karya yang telah dibuat, Pram menggambarkan kekecewaan pada realitas kekuasaan kala itu. Harapan dan gagasan untuk merekonstruksi keadaan pun terjabarkan di dalamnya.

Bagi Soesilo, menulis “Pram dari Dalam” bukan berarti ia ingin mengagungkan kakak tertuanya itu, tetapi ingin mengisahkan Pram sebagai manusia biasa. “Kami dan keluarga banyak mengalami masa sulit dan kemudian saya kisahkan di buku ini,” kata Doktor Ilmu Politik di salah satu universitas di Unisoviet itu di hadapan seratusan peserta diskusi.

Ucik Fuadhiyah, dosen Jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra Jawa FBS Unnes yang juga menjadi pembicara dalam kesempatan tersebut mengungkapkan, hingga kini masih banyak lembaga pendidikan yang tak membolehkan mahasiswanya untuk mengkaji karya Pram.

“Harus diakui, karya Pram yang ‘keras’ dan cermin betapa sulitnya hidup di zaman itu, mampu mengubah persepsi masyarakat,” katanya.

Padahal, menurut Ucik, di situlah letak nasionalisme sesungguhnya. Keinginan untuk membela negara mewujud dalam cerita-cerita berlatar sejarah. “Nasionalisme tentu tdak berhenti sebatas upacara dan pembiaran pada keadaan,” katanya.

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