Mahasiswa Teknik Komputer UNNES Rancang Tower Copter, Wahana Uji Kendali Ketinggian Berbasis IoT dan Algoritma Optimasi

Universitas Negeri Semarang > Faculty of Engineering > Fakultas Teknik-ina > Mahasiswa Teknik Komputer UNNES Rancang Tower Copter, Wahana Uji Kendali Ketinggian Berbasis IoT dan Algoritma Optimasi

SEMARANG — Tiga mahasiswa Program Studi Teknik Komputer, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Negeri Semarang (FT UNNES), menghadirkan Tower Copter, sebuah wahana uji kendali ketinggian berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) dan kecerdasan algoritmik, dalam ajang EXPO Capstone di Gedung E11 FT UNNES, Rabu (11/11/2026). Perangkat ini dirancang untuk menghadirkan metode pengujian sistem kendali terbang yang jauh lebih aman, terukur, dan efisien dibandingkan pengujian pesawat tanpa awak (drone) secara terbang bebas.

Inovasi rekayasa kendali tersebut dikembangkan oleh Fahturomi Anjar Septian bersama dua anggota timnya, yakni Elya Syafa’atun Ni’mah dan Nazli Rahmeisi. Dalam riset pengembangannya, tim menyoroti tingginya risiko kerusakan perangkat keras serta sulitnya mengisolasi variabel gangguan saat melakukan uji coba terbang bebas pada wahana udara nirawak. Melalui mekanisme gerak yang dibatasi secara presisi pada satu sumbu vertikal, Tower Copter memungkinkan pengamatan respons dinamika terbang secara terkendali tanpa risiko wahana kehilangan kendali atau terjatuh.

Keunggulan utama Tower Copter terletak pada integrasi tiga subsistem cerdas ke dalam satu arsitektur terpadu. Pertama, pada aspek penalaan kendali, parameter Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) tidak lagi ditentukan melalui metode coba-coba (trial and error), melainkan dikalkulasi menggunakan tiga algoritma optimasi modern—yakni CPO, SO, dan GJO—yang kemudian dikomparasikan langsung kinerjanya terhadap metode konvensional Ziegler-Nichols pada perangkat serta skenario uji yang identik.

Kedua, perangkat ini dibekali sistem telemetri dan kendali jarak jauh berbasis IoT dengan mikrokontroler ESP32 dan protokol komunikasi MQTT. Melalui integrasi tersebut, parameter krusial seperti data ketinggian aktual, kecepatan putar motor (RPM), hingga sinyal kendali dapat dipantau secara real-time melalui antarmuka web, tersimpan otomatis ke dalam basis data, sekaligus memungkinkan pengguna mengirimkan perintah pengujian dari jarak jauh.

Ketiga, untuk mengatasi derau (noise) dan fluktuasi pembacaan sensor ketinggian, tim menyematkan sistem penyaringan sinyal adaptif berbasis Kalman Filter—mencakup varian Kalman Filter (KF), Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), dan Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF). Parameter masing-masing filter tersebut dioptimalkan secara otomatis menggunakan algoritma Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) sehingga filter dengan akurasi terbaik dapat langsung ditanamkan ke dalam sistem sebagai masukan utama kendali PID.

Selain kecanggihan perangkat lunak, Tower Copter mengusung rancangan arsitektur modular. Pendekatan ini memungkinkan penggantian metode penalaan kendali, jenis filter, maupun skenario pengujian dilakukan sepenuhnya melalui konfigurasi sistem tanpa perlu membongkar atau mengganti komponen perangkat keras. Fleksibilitas tersebut menjadikan alat ini sangat potensial dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai perangkat standar praktikum sistem kendali di laboratorium pendidikan tinggi.

Secara keseluruhan, proses perancangan, pemrograman, hingga perakitan Tower Copter berhasil diselesaikan pada 1 Agustus 2026 setelah melalui tahapan pengembangan intensif selama 90 hari. Seluruh pembangunan purwarupa ini hanya menelan biaya produksi sebesar Rp1.500.000, membuktikan bahwa instrumen riset kendali berpresisi tinggi dapat diproduksi secara mandiri dengan biaya yang sangat terjangkau.

Kehadiran Tower Copter di pameran EXPO Capstone FT UNNES turut memperkuat kontribusi perguruan tinggi terhadap pencapaian SDG 9 (Industri, Inovasi, dan Infrastruktur). Melalui penciptaan infrastruktur pengujian teknologi yang modular, ekonomis, dan berbasis riset terapan, inovasi mahasiswa Teknik Komputer UNNES ini mendorong kemandirian pengembangan perangkat keras riset nasional sekaligus mempercepat kesiapan talenta rekayasa dalam menyongsong era otomasi industri dan teknologi kedirgantaraan modern.

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