Manfaatkan Limbah Pertanian, Peneliti UNNES Kembangkan Bio-Oil

Universitas Negeri Semarang > Konservasi UNNES > Berita > Manfaatkan Limbah Pertanian, Peneliti UNNES Kembangkan Bio-Oil

Para peneliti di Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) telah mengembangkan metode pirolisis yang mengubah limbah pertanian dan organik menjadi bio-oil, menghadirkan alternatif terbarukan untuk bahan bakar fosil konvensional. Proses yang dipimpin oleh Profesor Dewi Selvia Fardhanti ini baru-baru ini ditayangkan di UNNES TV, menyoroti potensinya untuk memanfaatkan biomassa Indonesia yang melimpah seperti serbuk gergaji dan jerami padi.

“Pirolisis adalah proses dekomposisi termal yang dilakukan tanpa oksigen,” jelas Profesor Dewi. “Melalui pemanasan cepat pada suhu antara 450°C dan 600°C, kami dapat mencapai rendemen bio-oil berkisar antara 44% hingga lebih dari 56% berat, tergantung pada jenis biomassa dan ukuran partikel.”

Eksperimen percontohan menunjukkan bahwa kondisi yang dioptimalkan dapat meningkatkan rendemen bio-oil hingga hampir 69% untuk bahan baku tertentu. Selain bio-oil, proses ini juga menghasilkan syngas dan biochar, yang dapat diaplikasikan dalam pembangkit listrik dan perbaikan tanah. Teknik analisis termasuk GC-MS dan FT-IR mengidentifikasi senyawa kimia utama dalam bio-oil seperti fenolik, asam, keton, alkohol, dan ester. Namun, masih terdapat tantangan terkait viskositas, keasaman, dan ketidakstabilan kimia bahan bakar yang tinggi.

Meskipun terdapat kendala teknis, manfaat lingkungan dari substitusi bahan bakar fosil dengan bio-oil yang berasal dari biomassa cukup signifikan. Pendekatan ini menawarkan cara untuk mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca dan menciptakan nilai ekonomi dari limbah pertanian yang seringkali dibakar atau dibuang.

“Tujuan kami adalah untuk memperluas penerapannya dari laboratorium ke aplikasi industri,” ujar Profesor Dewi. “Kami membayangkan bio-oil sebagai bagian dari strategi energi terbarukan yang lebih luas yang mendukung keberlanjutan lingkungan dan pembangunan ekonomi pedesaan.”

Dengan permintaan energi Indonesia yang diperkirakan akan meningkat, inovasi semacam itu dapat membantu negara ini mencapai tujuan energi terbarukan. Para peneliti UNNES sedang mencari kemitraan dengan industri dan pemerintah daerah untuk memajukan teknologi ini menuju penggunaan komersial, yang menggarisbawahi peran solusi lokal dalam mengatasi tantangan iklim dan energi.

Sumber:

Fardhyanti, D. S., Triwibowo, B., Istanto, H., Anajib, M. K., Larasati, A., & Oktaviani, W. (2018). Kesetimbangan fase cair ekstraksi fenol dari bio-oil yang dihasilkan melalui pirolisis biomassa menggunakan model termodinamika. Jurnal Teknik Kimia Tiongkok, 27(2), 391–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjche.2018.08.011

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